What is an enzyme?

Enzymes, which regulate the vital activities of living beings and are one of the cornerstones of cellular functions, are considered the hidden heroes of nature. These molecules, which cannot be seen under a microscope, are critical for the continuity of life. So, what are enzymes and how do they work?

Enzymes are catalysts that have a protein structure and accelerate biochemical reactions. While carrying out chemical reactions at the cellular level, they contribute to the functioning of metabolism by transforming molecules called substrates. Enzymes initiate, accelerate or stop a specific chemical reaction, which plays a fundamental role in the regulation of vital processes.

Many enzymes work by interacting with specific substrates. This interaction is analogous to the “key-lock” principle. That is, the ability of each enzyme to adapt to a specific substrate allows the reaction to take place. For example, the enzyme amylase in the digestive system helps the digestive process by breaking down starch into smaller sugar units.

The working mechanism of enzymes is based on a very delicate balance. Optimum temperature and pH can increase or decrease the activity of enzymes. Excessive temperature or incorrect pH conditions can alter the structure of enzymes, causing them to become dysfunctional. This can disrupt the normal course of biochemical reactions and have negative effects on the health of living organisms.

Enzymes are used not only in biological systems but also in industry. From food production to the pharmaceutical industry, from environmental technology to detergent production, the use of enzymes is increasing. This is due to the specificity, efficiency and environmental friendliness of enzymes.

As a result, enzymes are the hidden workers of living things and play an indispensable role for the continuity of life. These microscopic molecules are critical in the regulation of vital processes and are widely used in both science and industry. Their intricate structure and function allow us to understand the immense complexity of nature.

Considered the hidden heroes of life, enzymes are likely to continue to play a major role in the advancement of science and technology.